Law No. 152 of 2020 issuing the Medium, Small and Micro Enterprise Development Law enables the role of the Enterprise Development Authority, established by Prime Minister Decree No. 947 of 2017, and amended by Decree No. 2370 of 2018, to be the responsible authority and the legitimate principal supporter of this sector; and reconciles the conditions of medium, small and micro enterprises operating in the informal economy to rehabilitate and integrate them into the formal sector.

Law No. 184 of 2023 on Small and Medium Enterprises

Law No. 198 of 2014 aims to regulate the exploration and exploitation of mineral wealth, safeguard the State’s rights thereto, promote investment in the mining sector, and ensure environmental protection. The Law stipulates that the licensee engaged in the exploitation of quarrying and mining ores shall pay an annual rental fee to the Mineral Resources & Mining Industries Authority  for the area under license, and the proceeds of such fees shall accrue to the State Public Treasury. The executive regulations of this Law determine the amount of rental fee due from the licensee for each license for mining ores, and such fee is to be paid annually and in advance.

Mineral Resources Law No. 145 of 2019

Law No. 87 of 2015 aims to ensure that all citizens have reliable and secure access to electricity. It obliges the State and electricity sector companies to meet the needs of consumers and regulates the transmission and distribution of electricity to ensure its delivery across all regions of the country. Among the key objectives of the Law is to attract domestic and foreign investments to finance projects related to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. The Law requires that any person engaging in the production, distribution, or sale of electricity must operate in the form of an Egyptian joint-stock company. Furthermore, it reserves the activities of electricity transmission and grid operation exclusively to the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC), to the exclusion of any other entity.

Electricity Law, Law No. 192 of 2020

The amendments to certain provisions of the Law regulating partnership with the private sector in infrastructure projects, services, and public utilities, promulgated under Law No. 67 of 2010, provide for the establishment of a joint committee comprising specialists from the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, and the Central Unit for Partnership with the Private Sector. In addition to maintaining oversight over the selection of projects eligible for implementation in partnership with the private sector, these amendments enhance governance standards and provide investors with a forward-looking investment map of projects available for contracting under public–private partnership arrangements. The Law further sets out the principles governing contracts executed under such partnerships, namely the preservation of economic and financial balance, the realization of mutual benefits for the contracting parties, and the assurance of transparency in contracting procedures, equal opportunity, and equality among parties in similar legal positions. All this in accordance with the provisions of the contract and the rules and procedures prescribed by the Law and its Executive Regulations.

Law No. 67 of 2010 Regulating Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure Projects 

Law No. 153 of 2021

Labor Law No. 14 of 2025 was enacted with the objective of modernizing and regulating labor relations in Egypt in line with international standards, and to promote a fair and stable working environment. The new law includes a wide range of provisions that safeguard workers’ rights, such as the regulation of working hours, leave entitlements, and the prohibition of discrimination. In addition, the Law establishes specialized labor courts, which are scheduled to commence operations on 1 October 2025. This Law represents a significant step toward achieving a balanced relationship between the rights of workers and those of employers, enhancing productivity, and ensuring the protection of employees across all sectors.

Labor Law No. 14 of 2025

Environment Law No. 4 of 1994 marked a significant turning point in the path toward environmental protection in Egypt, as it established—for the first time—a comprehensive legal framework for the preservation of natural resources and the reduction of pollution. The Law aims to regulate industrial, agricultural, and service-related activities in a manner that ensures no harm is caused to the environment. Pursuant to the Law, the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) was established as the competent authority responsible for implementing environmental policies and monitoring compliance with relevant legislation. The Law also includes incentives for institutions that comply with environmental standards, such as tax incentives and technical support. Such Law has played a key role in raising environmental awareness within the Egyptian society and has opened the door to sustainable development initiatives.