The green economy is a major priority for both Egypt and the global community. It encompasses renewable energy, recycling, and other key sectors identified within Egypt Vision 2030. The strategy emphasizes the creation of an “integrated and sustainable ecosystem” by tackling climate change, cutting greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources, safeguarding biodiversity, improving the management of nature reserves, enhancing waste management infrastructure, and transitioning towards a green economy.

Environmental sustainability is a key foundation for comprehensive and balanced development, achieved by integrating environmental considerations into development plans to achieve green and sustainable economic growth and support green projects aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.

Energy is among Egypt’s most strategic priorities, given its strong link to both the economy and national security. Egypt has achieved a major leap in the energy sector, notably by diversifying energy sources and emphasizing the concept of energy security, thus reducing reliance on crude oil and lowering carbon emissions. Looking ahead, the government is targeting renewable energy to account for around 45% of the energy mix by 2028.

The government actively supports renewable energy projects through a set of legislative measures regulating electricity production, distribution, and consumption. Additionally, Investment Law No. 72 of 2017 offers a range of incentives, such as tax and customs exemptions, to support renewable energy projects.

As part of these efforts, Egypt established the world’s largest solar energy complex in Benban, Aswan, comprising 31 plants with a total capacity of 1550 megawatts and an investment cost of EUR 3.4 billion. Furthermore, 14 new fourth-generation cities were established, fully powered by renewable energy.

Egypt also seeks to upgrade the green hydrogen sector as a cornerstone of its shift towards a low-carbon economy. This supports the country’s efforts to expand the use of renewable energy, particularly green hydrogen, which helps cut reliance on conventional fuels and lower carbon emissions. Several procedures have been taken to promote and support green hydrogen projects nationwide, such as the Supreme Council for Green Hydrogen, that was founded in 2023, and the Green Hydrogen Strategy that was launched in 2024 to support and encourage green hydrogen projects in Egypt.

Law No. 2 of 2024 was enacted to govern the incentives provided for green hydrogen projects. It also applies to desalinated water production facilities that allocate not less than 95% of their output to the production of green hydrogen and its derivatives, as well as to renewable energy power plants that dedicate not less than 95% of their generated electricity to supplying green hydrogen production facilities and their derivatives, as follows:

Egypt places strong emphasis on the circular economy and waste management, with the objective of minimizing resource loss, promoting reuse and recycling, and generating added economic value through innovation. This approach is consistent with Egypt Vision 2030 and the National Climate Change Strategy 2050, as well as the state's commitments to partnerships with the European Union and international financing organizations.

Egypt has also developed a vision for the integration and synergy of national plans for comprehensive and sustainable development, connecting national and urban planning with sustainable transportation to create new development opportunities.